More abbreviations… they never end!
Today we’re breaking down two of the most important terms in the ABA field: Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP). These two steps happen at the very beginning of the therapy process and set the foundation for a child’s treatment plan.
What Is an FBA? (Functional Behavior Assessment)
The FBA is the initial assessment conducted before ABA therapy begins. It includes both formal and informal assessments to understand a child’s strengths, challenges, and behavioral patterns.
Formal Assessments
Formal assessments are standardized tests. Some commonly used tools include:
VB-MAPP
(Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program)ABLLS
(Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills — pronounced “ables”)Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
These assessments measure language, learning skills, adaptive behaviors, and developmental milestones. They help determine where a child is compared to typically developing peers their age.
Informal Assessments
nformal assessments include any data-collection methods that are not standardized. The most important informal tool is direct observation.
During an FBA, clinicians observe the child across different settings:
Home
School
Community
They take data on problem behaviors as they occur to determine the function—meaning why the behavior is happening (e.g., attention, escape, sensory, or access to items).
What Is a BIP? (Behavior Intervention Plan)
Once the FBA is complete, the next step is the BIP. This is the actual therapy plan written by the BCBA and implemented by the RBTs and the rest of the therapy team.
The BIP includes:
A summary of the FBA results
An explanation of the behavior’s function
Strategies to reduce challenging behaviors
Teaching plans for new, more appropriate skills
Examples of Goals in a BIP
Goals vary by child, but may include:
Matching or identifying objects
Transitioning away from preferred activities
Completing academic work for increasing durations
Independent self-help skills (e.g., washing hands, dressing, toileting)
Social and play skills
Communication skills
Every child’s BIP is individualized to their unique needs, abilities, and interests.
Why FBA and BIP Matter
These two terms can be confusing—but they are not interchangeable.
The FBA happens first and determines why behaviors happen.
The BIP comes next and explains what to do about it.
Understanding the difference helps parents, caregivers, and educators follow the therapy process more confidently.